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Superficial Muscles of the Back 3D

  • Trapezius Muscle
    • * Originates from the occipital bone, nuchal ligament, and spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae.
    • * Inserts onto the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula.
    • * Receives blood supply from the superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery, as well as branches of the occipital artery and superficial cervical artery.
    • * Innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI).
    • * Functions to elevate and upwardly rotate the scapula (upper fibers), retract the scapula (middle fibers), and depress and upwardly rotate the scapula (lower fibers), as well as extend the neck (upper fibers).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
  • Latissimus Dorsi Muscle
    • * Originates from the spinous processes of T7-T12 vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and lower three or four ribs.
    • * Inserts onto the intertubercular groove of the humerus.
    • * Receives blood supply from the thoracodorsal artery.
    • * Innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve.
    • * Functions to adduct, extend, and internally rotate the humerus at the shoulder joint, as well as extend the trunk.

 

  • Rhomboid Major Muscle
    • * Originates from the spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae
    • * Inserts onto the medial border of the scapula (between the spine and inferior angle)
    • * Receives blood supply from the dorsal scapular artery
    • * Innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve.
    • * Functions to retract and downwardly rotate the scapula.

 

  • Rhomboid Minor Muscle
    • * Originates from the spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae
    • * Inserts onto the medial border of the scapula (superior to the spine)
    • * Receives blood supply from the dorsal scapular artery
    • * Innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve.
    • * Functions to retract and downwardly rotate the scapula, as well as elevate the scapula when it is fixed.

         

  • Levator Scapulae Muscle​​​​​​​
    • * Originates from the transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae.
    • * Inserts onto the medial border of the scapula (superior angle).
    • * Receives blood supply from the dorsal scapular artery and deep cervical artery.
    • * Innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve and cervical nerves C3-C4.
    • * Functions to elevate and downwardly rotate the scapula, as well as laterally flex and rotate the neck.

 

  • Serratus Anterior Muscle​​​​​​​
    • * Originates from the upper eight or nine ribs.
    • * Inserts onto the medial border of the scapula (anterior surface).
    • * Receives blood supply from the lateral thoracic artery.
    • * Innervated by the long thoracic nerve.
    • * Functions to protract and upwardly rotate the scapula, as well as hold the scapula against the thoracic wall.

 

  • Serratus Posterior Superior Muscle​​​​​​​
    • * Originates from the spinous processes of C7-T3 vertebrae and the supraspinous ligament.
    • * Inserts onto the upper borders of the second to fifth ribs.
    • * Receives blood supply from the intercostal arteries and dorsal branches of the thoracic arteries.
    • * Innervated by the intercostal nerves.
    • Functions to elevate the ribs during inspiration.

 

  • Serratus Posterior Inferior Muscle​​​​​​​
    • * Originates from the spinous processes of the lower two thoracic vertebrae (T11 and T12), the thoracolumbar fascia, and the posterior iliac crest.
    • * Inserts onto the lower borders of the ninth to twelfth ribs and the thoracolumbar fascia.
    • * Receives blood supply from the intercostal arteries and lumbar arteries.
    • * Innervated by the intercostal nerves and subcostal nerves. * Functions to depress the ribs during expiration.

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  • Trapezius Muscle
    • * Originates from the occipital bone, nuchal ligament, and spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae.
    • * Inserts onto the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula.
    • * Receives blood supply from the superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery, as well as branches of the occipital artery and superficial cervical artery.
    • * Innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI).
    • * Functions to elevate and upwardly rotate the scapula (upper fibers), retract the scapula (middle fibers), and depress and upwardly rotate the scapula (lower fibers), as well as extend the neck (upper fibers).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
  • Latissimus Dorsi Muscle
    • * Originates from the spinous processes of T7-T12 vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and lower three or four ribs.
    • * Inserts onto the intertubercular groove of the humerus.
    • * Receives blood supply from the thoracodorsal artery.
    • * Innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve.
    • * Functions to adduct, extend, and internally rotate the humerus at the shoulder joint, as well as extend the trunk.

 

  • Rhomboid Major Muscle
    • * Originates from the spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae
    • * Inserts onto the medial border of the scapula (between the spine and inferior angle)
    • * Receives blood supply from the dorsal scapular artery
    • * Innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve.
    • * Functions to retract and downwardly rotate the scapula.

 

  • Rhomboid Minor Muscle
    • * Originates from the spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae
    • * Inserts onto the medial border of the scapula (superior to the spine)
    • * Receives blood supply from the dorsal scapular artery
    • * Innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve.
    • * Functions to retract and downwardly rotate the scapula, as well as elevate the scapula when it is fixed.

         

  • Levator Scapulae Muscle​​​​​​​
    • * Originates from the transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae.
    • * Inserts onto the medial border of the scapula (superior angle).
    • * Receives blood supply from the dorsal scapular artery and deep cervical artery.
    • * Innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve and cervical nerves C3-C4.
    • * Functions to elevate and downwardly rotate the scapula, as well as laterally flex and rotate the neck.

 

  • Serratus Anterior Muscle​​​​​​​
    • * Originates from the upper eight or nine ribs.
    • * Inserts onto the medial border of the scapula (anterior surface).
    • * Receives blood supply from the lateral thoracic artery.
    • * Innervated by the long thoracic nerve.
    • * Functions to protract and upwardly rotate the scapula, as well as hold the scapula against the thoracic wall.

 

  • Serratus Posterior Superior Muscle​​​​​​​
    • * Originates from the spinous processes of C7-T3 vertebrae and the supraspinous ligament.
    • * Inserts onto the upper borders of the second to fifth ribs.
    • * Receives blood supply from the intercostal arteries and dorsal branches of the thoracic arteries.
    • * Innervated by the intercostal nerves.
    • Functions to elevate the ribs during inspiration.

 

  • Serratus Posterior Inferior Muscle​​​​​​​
    • * Originates from the spinous processes of the lower two thoracic vertebrae (T11 and T12), the thoracolumbar fascia, and the posterior iliac crest.
    • * Inserts onto the lower borders of the ninth to twelfth ribs and the thoracolumbar fascia.
    • * Receives blood supply from the intercostal arteries and lumbar arteries.
    • * Innervated by the intercostal nerves and subcostal nerves. * Functions to depress the ribs during expiration.

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